Mary Kom class 5

                                    Sentence Patterns   

1.Simple Sentence   

2.Compound Sentence

3.Complex Sentence

                 1. Simple  Sentence                                

1.Dogs barks     2. The children were playing 

 Subject                   subject 

A subject may contain one word or more than one.

A verb may be of one word or more than one.

In a simple sentence , the subject may be the noun, pronouns, adjectives, gerund, infinitive, phrase, etc.

I. Shakespeare was a great dramatist.

       Noun 

II. He was a rich man. (Pronoun)

III. The rich  helper the poor. (Adjective)

IV. Walking is a good exercise. (Gerund)

V. Well begun is half done.(Phrase)

VI. To read is useful.(infinitive)

VII. Slow and steady wins the race.(phrase)

Such a sentence, which contains only one subject and one finite verb, is called a simple sentence.

Finite verbs are those which shows agreement with the subject.

Sometimes the  subject in the sentence remains hidden, only the verb is there.

Open the door. Read this book carefully.

Here there is an understood subject you is there in both the sentences.

                   2.Compound Sentence 

He came in and I went out.

Night came on and rain fell heavily and we all got very wet.

The first sentence is made of two statements of simple sentences joint together by the conjunction and:

1. He came in.          2. I went out.

These two statements are of equal rank; that is neither of them is inferior to, or dependent on, the other. They are, therefore, said to be co-ordinate to each other.

Such a sentence which is made of clauses of equal rank is called a Compound Sentence.

Some other examples:

1. The fact is true and I can prove it.

2. It is raining; however, we went for a walk.

Shortened Form of the Compound Sentence

He called at my house, but left soon after.

=He called at my house, but he left soon after.

He dug the pit, and covered it with leaves.

=He dug the pit, and he covered it with leaves.

Write as fast as you can.

=a) You write. b) As fast as you can write.

Some played hockey and others cricket.

a) Some played hockey. b) others played cricket.

Sometimes a single verb is used with two subjects.

In these sentences, the subjects are mainly joined by but, and, therefore, or, nor, as well as, not only –but also, etc.

He as well as Hari is guilty.

(He is guilty as well as Hari as guilty.)

Some like coffee and others tea.

(Some like coffee and others like tea.)

A train goes fast, but an aeroplane faster.

(A train goes fast but an aeroplane goes faster)

 Sometimes two or more subjects are joined by and, they are considered as a single subject.

Manav, Raja, Rahul are friends.

We cannot separate them into clauses as

a) Manav is a friend.

b) Raja is a friend.

c) Rahul is a friend.

              3. Complex Sentence

I don't know where she lives.

The sentence contains two statements, viz.:

1. I don't know. 2. Where she lives.

Clearly these two statements are not of equal rank; the second statement is dependent on the first statement for its meaning.

The dependent statement where she lives is called a dependent or subordinate clause, and the statement I don’t know is called the Principle or Main clause.

The Principal clause contains the main verb of the sentence.

Now read the given sentence

The man who does not see that the good of every living creature is his good, is a fool.

The sentence contains three statements, viz.:

1. The man is a fool. 2. Who does not see. 3. That the good of every living creature is his good.

Clearly the second and the third statements are dependent on the first statement The man is a fool.

The man is a fool is therefore the Principal clause, and who does not see and that the good of every living creature is his good are subordinate clauses.

The subordinate clause who does not see does the work of an adjective, and is there for an adjective clause.

The Subordinate Clause that the good of every living creature is his good does the work of a noun, and is therefore a noun clause.

Hence a Complex Sentence is the one that contains one Principle clause and one or more Subordinate or Dependent clauses.